Radiation Risks in Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) in Homeland Security

In customs, police, military, airports, and freight security, non-destructive testing (NDT) is essential for detecting threats. But did you know that some of these techniques involve ionizing radiation, requiring strict radiological protection?

Key Technologies and Their Risks

• X-ray scanners (luggage & cargo): Use ionizing radiation. Risk is minimal if shielding and interlocks are in place.

• Gamma radiography (Co-60, Cs-137): Used in freight inspection. High-energy, deep-penetrating—strict safety zones and dosimetry required.

• Neutron-based systems: Rare but highly effective for explosives detection. Require special shielding due to combined neutron and gamma exposure.

• Backscatter X-ray & body scanners: Minimal exposure for passengers, but repeated exposure can add up for staff.

• Millimeter-wave scanners: Safe, as they emit non-ionizing radiation.

Main Risks Identified

• Exposure to ionizing radiation (X, gamma, neutron)

• Operator dose accumulation over time

• Contamination risks with sealed sources

• Lack of training in radioprotection

Protection Measures

• Shielding, safety zones, and interlocks

• Personal dosimeters and health monitoring

• Strict handling and disposal procedures

• Mandatory training and safety drills

Key Agencies Involved

• Frontex (EU border control)

• Europol (EU law enforcement)

• French Customs

• Police Nationale (France)

• Gendarmerie Nationale (France)

• DGAC – French Civil Aviation

• TSA – US Airport Security

• US Customs and Border Protection

Final Reminder

Radioprotection isn't only for nuclear facilities. In internal security, everyone—inspectors, officers, operators—must be trained and protected.